ADUs

How to Identify a Single-Family with ADU vs. Two-Family Property 9-29-23-

SFR or 2 units with an ADU?

By Ann O'Rourke on August 2, 2024 / ADUs, appraisal, AVMS, liability / Leave a comment

Tags: appraisal, AVM, liability

What’s in This Newsletter (in Order, Scroll Down) August 2, 2024

Avoiding Court: A Common Sentiment Among Appraisers
When Is Single-Family a Multi-Family Appraisal?
What Is a Superhome? 10 Must-See Mansions That Define the High-End Trend
Accurate Appraisal Underreporting
How Confidential is Your Appraisal?
Agencies Issue Final Rule to Help Ensure Credibility and Integrity of Automated Valuation Models
Mortgage applications decreased 3.9 percent from one week earlier

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When Is Single-Family a Multi-Family Appraisal?
SFR or 2 units with an ADU?

by Richard Hagar, SRA

Excerpts: Once upon a time, it was easy to classify single-family homes, duplexes, triplexes and multi-family buildings. Though there have always been exceptions, if a property was zoned single-family residential (SFR) and there was a single home on the site, you’d use a 1004 form for bank appraisals.

If a property was zoned multi-family and there were two to four units on the site, an appraiser would use the 1025 form. And, if there were five or more units on the site, it would be something a commercial appraiser would handle via a narrative format.

Ah, the good old days. Then, along came accessory dwelling units (ADU), which in some states and cities are messing with established appraisal and lending systems.

Things Get Twisted – ADUs

Many counties and cities that allow ADUs do not “change” the official zoning; SFR 5000 still means one single-family home per 5,000-square-foot lot (and allow an ADU). What a few politically and emotionally driven cities have done is bypass the normal requirements for changing zoning (public hearings, notifications, etc.) and passed laws that overlay additional uses and requirements on to existing zoning codes. It’s their “clever” way of changing things without following the historic path to … well, changing things without informed consent by the citizens.

So, here we are: appraisers looking at zoning codes trying to determine the highest and best use for the subject’s site (as if vacant) and the structure as improved. We see SF7500 and say, “great, single family.” But did you look to see if there are overlay additions to the code? If so, did you read them? Did you look at regulations related to accessory dwelling units? If you didn’t, you’d better start looking because these things are popping up in numerous counties and cities across the United States, and they have a massive impact on unit density, the highest and best use, land values and depreciation rates.

Conflict With Lending

The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) will buy a loan where the single-family home has a single ADU. Look at the below form (Figure 1) and note the two options: Units “One” and “One with Accessory Unit.” There is no space on the 1004 form to identify a second ADU.

Now we have a conflict between cities allowing two or more ADUs and the lending world of FNMA, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. (FHLMC), the VA and FHA. These entities will not buy loans with two or more ADUs. And when FNMA won’t buy (or VA and FHA insure) a loan from a lender it results in fewer lenders offering loans, higher interest rates and possibly larger down payments. In a city’s zeal to lower the cost of housing, they’ve increased the cost of housing.

Required Information

When you run across properties with ADUs, all sorts of additional information is required in the appraisal. ANSI requires the square footage to be separately indicated. Fannie Mae needs additional information specific to the ADU, and just wait until you see FNMA’s new appraisal “form,” along with its 20-plus new information fields in the special ADU section. If you want an example of how we provide square-footage information, email me (See author bio) and I’ll provide you with a copy of the form we use.

The appraisal will also require fully supported adjustments, explanations on how you determined the adjustments, and the ADUs impact on value measured by the cost, income and sales comparison approaches.

To read more, Click Here

My comments: Read this detailed article if you appraise any properties with ADUs. It is a comprehensive analysis of all the new issues. Richard Hagar is one of my favorite appraisal instructors.

Are Appraisers Professionals?

By Ann O'Rourke on July 12, 2024 / ADUs, Appraisal Qualifications Board, liability / Leave a comment

Tags: appraisal how to, Appraisal Qualifications Board, Fannie, liability

Valuing Appraiser Professionalism: A Blueprint for Survival

By Jo Traut, McKissock Learning

Excerpts: Having spent nearly three decades in the field of real estate appraisal, I’ve witnessed firsthand the evolution of our profession, particularly with respect to technological advancements. However, alongside these positive changes, I’ve also observed a troubling trend toward increased unprofessionalism. This phenomenon isn’t unique to our discipline. It’s permeated other careers, from medical professionals to teachers to business managers.

What professionalism means in the appraisal profession and how we can all work toward achieving it.

Integrity

Remain steadfast in your commitments, stay true to your word, and uphold your principles, even if this requires declining an appraisal assignment or future work with a client or their agent. By staying honest and true to your values, others are more likely to trust and collaborate with you or recommend you and your business.

Expertise

Professionals strive for proficiency in their field, continually enhancing their knowledge through education, webinars and personal development efforts. It’s not just about acquiring designations but staying informed about market dynamics, industry changes and emerging trends.

Commitment to Excellence

True professionals are prepared, which entails advance planning, dedicating sufficient time and giving proper attention to tasks. Before delivering work to clients, conduct a thorough review to mitigate potential errors. Acknowledge and address any skill gaps or lack of competency promptly and transparently, ensuring a commitment to excellence in every endeavor.

To read more, Click Here

My comments: I have always done “Remain steadfast in your commitments, stay true to your word, and uphold your principles.” I was first trained as a scientist, starting with my high school biology class. After graduation, I worked in labs for 7 years.

I have always been a professional appraiser since I started in 1975, trained at an assessor’s office to do what is in this article. I hate the word “industry” when applied to appraisers. I try to avoid using the word “industry”. Since licensing, residential appraising has become more of a “trade” than a professional career. I quit residential lender appraising in 2005. I know about the conflicts, which have been getting worse.

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on Easement Liability, college degree requirement AQB, Fannie June Update, ADUs, unusual homes, mortgage origination stats, etc

Haunted House Appraisal Adjustments

Strange Properties Appraisers Have Seen

By Ann O'Rourke on October 27, 2023 / adjustments, ADUs, appraisal business / Leave a comment

Tags: adjustments, ADU, appraisal business

Strange Encounters in Property Appraisal

By: McKissock

Excerpts: Property appraisal is not typically thought of as a “dangerous” profession per se. However, you may encounter some strange—or even spooky—properties from time to time. Recently we asked our appraisal community, “What’s the weirdest property you’ve appraised recently?” While some appraisers discussed atypical and challenging properties, others shared stories of strange encounters ranging from surprising to creepy to downright scary.

We’ve organized the strange and spooky properties described by our survey participants into the following categories:

Vacant and secluded homes
Spooky historic properties
Properties in horrible condition
Other surprising and strange site visits

“Vacant house that neighbors told me had not been occupied for almost 3 years. They were concerned that the electric was still on and could pose a danger as you could hear an electrical buzzing sound. Once I entered the house, the sound was evident and I looked for the source, probably a light fixture with a bad ballast or short-circuit. However what I found was a massive wasp nest that was approx 4′-5′ tall in one of the bedrooms.

When I opened the door, it clearly agitated them and I got out quickly and advised the lender to send in an exterminator ASAP. They were far too aggressive for me to even snap a photo. The AMC rep wanted to know if I could simply hit the nest with a can of wasp spray! Is this the actuality of ‘walking into a hornet’s nest’?”

To read more, click here

My comments: We have all encountered strange homes. I worked for an assessor’s office for 5 years in my first appraisal job. I appraised everything in a specific geographic area. I saw a lot of weird homes, especially in the more rural hillside areas. Lenders would have never loaned on them!

An appraiser I have known for many years saw a ghost in a haunted B&B he stayed in when traveling in Montana. He is about the last person you would think who saw an apparition of a woman. The owner and other visitors had seen her also.

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post, appraisers with increased income, ADUs in California can be Condos , unusual homes, mortgage origination and more!

SFR with ADU or Two Units?

Fannie Files Complaint Against Appraiser

By Ann O'Rourke on October 20, 2023 / ADUs, manufactured housing, non-lender appraisals, real estate market / Leave a comment

Tags: ADUs, MANUFACTURED HOUSING, Pickleball courts

Fannie Mae Filed a Complaint Against Me

October 18, 2023

Excerpts: In June of 2021, I completed an appraisal for a conventional purchase. The appraisal was ordered by an AMC on behalf of a lender. At that time, the real estate market was still being wildly affected by the COVID pandemic. Remote work was in full swing, and consumers were desperately seeking to get out of the cities. Prices for all types of residential properties were rising rapidly, and this held especially true for niche properties that consumers believed would make a good short-term rental.

My subject was a mountain cabin, in reasonably close proximity to a National Park. This approximately 900sf, 1.5 story, 2-bed, 1-bath cabin was situated on a critically sloped 2.5 acres of wooded land. This is not unusual at all. Many similar properties exist, but they are spread across a wide area. The inspection was uneventful. I was given a lockbox combination and inspected the vacant home. It was unremarkable. A basic Q4, C3 home.

Five days after the report has been delivered, I received a revision request. The AMC stated that the lender indicated the appraisal received a high risk score by Fannie Mae. Fannie Mae provided two sales and two listing based on their “model”. In addition to the sales provided by Fannie Mae, I was asked to provide at least two better comps. As anyone who has been an appraiser for more than five seconds can attest, you use the best comps available. There were no “better comps” to be used.

In June of 2022, one year after completing the original appraisal report, I received an email from the AMC stating the lender had received a repurchase demand from Fannie Mae. The demand letter cited an accounting error during the origination of the loan (not an appraisal issue) and the appraisal as the reason for the buy back. This was the first time I had ever experienced this problem. None of their comments seemed to make any sense. I had a terrible time understanding why this appraisal was such a problem for Fannie Mae. I have attached the Fannie Mae comments and my responses below. I have redacted the areas that could reveal sensitive information.

To read more, plus appraiser comments, click here

My comments: I have heard that Fannie’s repurchase demands can trigger problems for the appraiser. The post is long. Be sure to read the Final Thought on the last page with a link to Jeremy Bagott’s always interesting analysis, “Insider: Fannie’s Loan Buyback Sophistry Relies on Modifying Analyst’s Behavior,” posted on October 13, 2023

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post Modular Homes Data Plates, ADU income, Pickleball courts and other interesting home improvements, , unusual homes, mortgage origination and more!

SFR with ADU or Two Units?

By Ann O'Rourke on September 29, 2023 / ADUs, climate change, future, non-lender appraisals, real estate market, retirement, va / Leave a comment

Tags: adjustments, ADUs, mortgage loan volume, non-lender appraisals, real estate market, va

How to Identify a Single-Family with ADU vs. Two-Family Property

By McKissock

Excerpts:

The presence of an additional living unit can complicate the appraisal process. It may make it difficult for you, the appraiser, to know how to classify the subject property. How do you know whether you’re dealing with an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) or a second unit?

Topics include:

ADU meaning and types
What is a two-family property?
How to tell if it’s a single-family with ADU vs. two-family property
It’s more likely to be a two-family property vs. single-family with ADU if:
It’s more likely to be a single-family with ADU vs. two-family property if:

To read more, click here

My comments: ADUs have been a controversial topic for a long time in California as state and local governments kept changing their ADU requirements. Finally, what they are and where they can be built became standardized. Today, they are becoming popular to get extra rentals in markets low on housing. Most recently, there is a possible regulation to sell them separately from the main house. Another tricky HBU issue in California!

Check the regulations in your state, county, or city.

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on non-lender appraisals, VA, flood and fires no insurance, retirement, few lender appraisals, unusual homes, mortgage origination

NAR Appraisal Survey 2022

NAR Appraiser Survey July, 2023

By Ann O'Rourke on September 15, 2023 / adjustments, ADUs, AMCs, appraisal how to, Fannie, non-lender appraisals / Leave a comment

Tags: adjustments, ADUs, AMC, appraisal how to, Fannie, non-lender appraisals

NAR Appraiser Survey July, 2023

In July 2023, NAR Research conducted a survey of all 9,800 appraiser members and 50,000 randomly-selected residential-focused non-appraiser members.

The survey results had a comparison of 2022 and 2023, which was very interesting.

Appraiser Topics
Greatest challenges in business
Lesser challenges with business
Valuations
Comfort with valuation tools
Radius in which appraisals are conducted
Radius by area type (rural, small town, urban, resort, suburban)
How often asked to conduct appraisals outside geographic area/Property type of expertise

Sample: Greatest challenges in business

(AMCs) in general among their greatest challenges. This year, this option was broken into three separate AMC-related issues. Forty-four percent cite at least one of these, with 28 percent specifically citing AMC requests for revisions.

This year, however, the single greatest challenge, cited by almost half (47 percent), is “fee pressures,” which, based on comments, is also related in many cases to pressure from AMCs. This is up sharply from 27 percent last year.

One-quarter (26 percent) cite technology fees (not an option in 2022). Appraisers are less likely this year to cite expanding regulations/interpretations of regulations, lender requirements, pressure from real estate agents/brokers, and liability concerns.

The 21 percent who cite other challenges are most likely to cite lack of business/slow market, rising interest rates, low fees, and to reiterate pressure from AMCs.

A very good graphic is included for each section.

To read the report, click here

My comments: Read the appraiser sections in the long report. Fortunately, appraiser results are in the first section. I read the full survey. Most of the questions were for all NAR members, both appraisers and non-appraiser members. Some may be of interest to you. Much of the appraiser results were what we already sort of suspected, but it is good to see actual survey results.

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on GSE Appraisal Independence Update, Private money lender appraials, ADUs, adjustments, unusual homes, mortgage origination

Appraisers: Watch for Concessions and Kickbacks

By Ann O'Rourke on June 2, 2023 / adjustments, ADUs, appraisal business, FHA, non-lender appraisals, real estate market / Leave a comment

Tags: adjustments, ADUs, appraisal business, FHA, real estate market

Concessions, Kickbacks, and the Appraiser’s Nightmare

by Richard Hagar, SRA

Excerpts: What Appraisers Must Do

There are many steps appraisers must follow, more than I can list here. However, you should start off by listing and describing the concessions. Learn how to provide an accurate value conclusion that protects the appraiser from the potential ramifications of their bad acts.

On the first page of FNMA’s form, they ask this question:

“Is there any financial assistance [loan charges, sales concessions, gift or down payment assistance, etc.] to be paid by any party on behalf of the borrower?”

The appraiser has no choice when faced with this question, they must answer and if they get it wrong…then the appraiser is in trouble. After disclosing the information, the appraiser’s next task is to determine how the concessions have impacted the sales price. Federal law, FNMA/FHLMC guidelines and USPAP all point to a solution.

Solutions to Keep You Safe

Make sure you have a complete signed purchase contract.
In the appraisal, list how many pages of the contract you have in your possession (In case someone is hiding pages from you).
List the concessions on page 1 and in the final reconciliation.
In the sales grid, list any known concessions that were involved with the purchase of a comparable….

To read more click here

My comments: Some good tips on how real estate agents try to deal with this. I have known Richard for many years. He is an expert and is a most excellent instructor. I have taken many of his seminars over the years.

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NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on FHA and ADUs, non-lender appraisals, unusual homes, mortgage origination stats, etc.

To read more, click “read more” below

Appraisal Neighborhood Analysis

Appraisers and Local Market Analysis

By Ann O'Rourke on October 21, 2022 / ADUs, appraisal business, E&O, humor, real estate market / Leave a comment

Tags: ADU, appraisal business, Fannie, liability, real estate market, RETIREMENT

Appraisers and Local Market Analysis

By Woody Fincham, SRA, AI-RRS, ASA

Excerpts: Social media and the mainstream media make a mess of these markets even in the best of times. They do not have the bandwidth to cover local markets. When you are in a metropolitan statistical area like Charlottesville and Waynesboro/Staunton you get some reporting from the local news. Still, if it is not driven to get online clicks from hyperbole it usually is not worth reporting. National data simply does not apply to the local real estate market and the closest large markets are Richmond and Washington DC. Neither are not great metrics for what our local markets are doing.

I think everyone has heard the old saying, “You can’t see the forest for the trees.” And that is true. We are in the middle of a market transition and exactly how it is transitioning is extremely hard to predict. The best market analysis is always retrospective, as they say, “Hindsight is 20/20.” Until we get past this period over the next few months it may be hard to say definitively what is exactly happening. As an appraiser, it is super important to understand how to gather and analyze relative data.

So, what metrics are worth watching?

Inventory levels
Absorption rates and marketing times
Actual days on market (DOM)…

To read more and see the graphs, click here

My comments: Read this article, including the case study. See if there are data types and graphs you can use in your appraisals. Your clients count on you to let them know the market today, not in the past. Of course, I agree with this. Appraisers have the most valuable data and analyses in a changing market: listings, pendings, price changes, etc.

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To read more of this long blog post with many topics, click Read More Below!!

NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on retirement, liability, ADUs, appraiser cartoon, real estate market, Appraisal business, unusual homes, mortgage origination stats, etc.

Working with difficult appraisal clients

Appraiser Pressure – What To Do?

By Ann O'Rourke on September 2, 2022 / ADUs, AMCs, real estate market / Leave a comment

Tags: ADUs, AMC, real estate market

How to Handle Appraisal Pressure and Stay Ethical?

Excerpts: There’s no simple and easy way to deal with appraisal pressure. A major source of frustration for appraisers is the realization that clients do not have to follow USPAP. The ethical and performance requirements of USPAP apply only to appraisers, not to clients. In other words, USPAP doesn’t prohibit a mortgage broker from calling and asking you to develop an appraisal based on a predetermined value, but USPAP does prohibit you from accepting that assignment.

When you are faced with appraisal pressure, here are some strategies to manage the situation and still maintain your reputation as an ethical, unbiased appraiser.

1. Educate your appraisal clients

A lot of what appraisers consider pressure from clients is merely a result of the client’s lack of knowledge about appraisal standards and ethics. A lender might ask an appraiser to guarantee values beforehand simply because he or she is unaware that it is unethical for an appraiser to do so.

Avoid this by explaining why you cannot guarantee a value or remove that deferred maintenance photo from your report. You might be surprised at your client’s response if you take the time to educate him or her.

For 8 more reasons, click here

My comments: Appraiser Pressure – What To Do? Can you learn to be an ethical appraiser (or person)? Do you try to be ethical in whatever you are doing? Does it depend on who trained you? Or, do you learn from your parents when growing up? A Very controversial topic!

The Good Appraiser (for anyone who wants their number) Always gives us what we need: – Unethical Appraiser. The Bad Appraiser: A deal killer – Ethical Appraiser.

I was trained at an assessor’s office with no pressure to appraise high or low, fail to disclose defects, etc. I was very lucky. Fee appraisers are under lots of pressure. You learn that people are always looking for a value. for example, when doing an appraisal for a divorce, I always say, “If neither spouse likes my value, it must be okay.” For new clients, I make it very clear that I will not be unethical by giving them what they want upfront. I have lost many clients over the years because I was ethical.

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To read more of this long blog post with many topics, click Read More Below!!

NOTE: Please scroll down to read the other topics in this long blog post on Real estate market changes, ADUs, AMC interview, unusual homes, mortgage origination stats, etc.